Landscape Picture Map - Lesson 1

Using the Landscape Picture Map
to develop Social Studies Skills


I.   Social Studies Skills

    · Place events in a proper sequence

      Example: What do you do if you live here (mark the yellow house at C - 7) and your house catches on fire?

      1. Go next door (show where)
      2. Call 911
      3. Give clear directions to fire truck driver

    · Classify information

      Example: Using these different color markers, classify

      1. Different kinds of houses - circle in red
      2. Work places - circle in blue
      3. Places to buy things you need - circle in green

    · Predict probable future outcomes

      Example: Predict what the building under construction at A-B-4 will look like when its finished? What it might be used for? How long will it take to complete?

    · Interpret visualize (e.g. pictures, charts, graphs, tables, time lines)

      Example: Choose any grid section of either side of the map. Describe what you see; what might be happening that you can't see?

    · Organize and express ideas in written and oral form

      Example: Choose any two means of transportation shown, and tell the class how they are similar/different

    · Use decision making skills and recognize consequences of decisions

      Example: Your mother has just fallen and hurt herself. Call an ambulance and give clear directions to your home (choose any home you like). Discuss consequences, good and bad.

2.   Interdependence

    · Identify and accept responsibilities using appropriate behavior in the environment.

      Example: Pick a place for a camping trip, keeping in mind fire safety, water safety and prevention of the beauty of nature. Tell why you picked your campsite and list the items you would need to take with you.

    · Describe the role of self in the environment

      Example: Choose any public building shown on side 1 or 2. Picture yourself inside and describe what's going on. Make a chart listing appropriate/inappropriate behaviors for that setting.

3.   Production and Distribution

    · Recognize that individuals and families must make economic choices among alternatives.

      Example: Circle the buildings where you can go to spend money for wants or needs. If you've got only $20.00 to spend, discuss which store you'd visit first. Why? Which last? Why? Number your choices 1 and 2. Compare with your neighbors.

    · Demonstrate how individuals and families trade one thing for another and trade things for money.

      Example: I live in the yellow, 2-story house located at B-7. You live on the peninsula at A-1. Brainstorm what I might have that you want or need; what you might have that I want or need; can we exchange or do we each have to sell our products to a store that then sell them to the other one. If we exchange, do we need $?. How do we decide the worth of each product (2 chickens = 1 bird box?)? (4 pies = 8 fish, etc.).

4.   Time, Continuity and Change

    · Use vocabulary related to time and chronology.

      Example: Look carefully at side 2 of your map. Brainstorm things that were different yesterday or last week. How will things be different 12 hours from now? Tomorrow? Next week?

5.   Power and Participation

    · Identify local authority figures and their responsibilities for enforcing rules in the school and community.

      Example: Brainstorm to come up with a list of authoritative figures. Create a symbol to stand for each of the authority figures. Draw the appropriate symbol in the appropriate location on the map. Make a legend that includes these symbols.

6.   People and Environment

    · Locate school city, state, nation, continent on maps and globes.

      Example: Choose any house you like and pretend you live there. Circle it. Locate and circle the school. Trace the route you would take from home and school.

    · Use directional terms such as above/below, near/far, left/right, north/south and east/west. Use maps to identify the relative location of places in the classroom, school and neighborhood.

      Example: Working in pairs, each person marks a home of his choice and gives clear step-by-step directions, telling his partner how to get to his home. Include the terms left/right, near/far and N.S.E.W.

    · Use simple maps to locate places and gather information.

      Example: Each student picks a place on the map. All other students must locate the place using the alphanumeric grid system. (E-4)

    · Identify local landforms and describe their characteristics.

      Example: Circle and list 3 different landforms and 3 different bodies of water shown on the map. Are they the same as or different from your local landforms? How?



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Landscape Picture Map - Lesson 2

The Earth's Surface


Objectives The students will learn that a picture may be used to learn about the characteristics of places.

The students will learn that places may be described in different ways.

 
Materials Needed Landscape Picture Map, map markers or post it notes
(Teacher's note - All places on the Earth have certain characteristics that make each place unique. Students are aware of different features in their immediate environment. Encourage the students to describe the features they know).



Lesson

Ask the students to describe what they see when they travel between home and school. Do they see a river, park, grocery store? Make a list of the places and objects they mention on the board. Ask them to describe the features in some depth.

Pull down the Landscape Picture Map. Tell the students the Landscape Picture is a drawing of a make believe place. Tell them they can use pictures to learn more about where they live.

Have the students circle, on the Landscape Picture Map, those places or objects that appear on your list. Ask the students how the objects shown in the picture are like the objects they described. How are they different? What features appear in the Landscape Picture Map that did not appear on the list? Ask the students to describe these features. Are any of these features in your town or city?


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Landscape Picture Map - Lesson 3

Natural and People-Made Features


Objectives The students will learn that places on the Earth have natural and people-made characteristics.

The students will identify natural and people-made characteristics on the Landscape Picture Map

 
Vocabulary People-made features, natural features
 
Materials Needed Landscape Picture Map, map marker, post-it-notes



Lesson

Tell the students that places are like people; they are all different. No two people are exactly alike and no two places are exactly alike. When we study people we sometimes put them into groups. An example of two groups would be girls and boys.

Tell the students that places and objects on the Earth's surface may also be put in two groups. These two groups are people-made features and natural features. A people-made feature is something that is made by people. Examples would be cars, buildings, and streets. Natural features are those features not made by people. Examples would be trees, mountains, and rivers.

Write the words people-made and natural on the board. Each term should serve as a heading for a list. Ask the students to describe things they have seen that are people made. Add each term to your list. Follow the same procedure for natural features.

Pull down the Landscape Picture Map. Have different students identify the natural features they find. As the students identify the natural features, ask them to tell whether the feature is a land or water feature. Encourage the students to describe the features.

Follow the same procedure for the people-made features. Have different students identify the people-made features on the map. Encourage the students to describe these features.


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Landscape Picture Map - Lesson 4

Where People Live - Neighborhoods


Objectives The students will learn the definition of the term neighborhood.

The students will identify a neighborhood on the Landscape Picture Map.

 
Vocabulary Neighborhood
 
Materials Needed Landscape Picture Map, map markers or post it notes



Lesson

Ask the students to describe their neighborhood. A neighborhood is a place where people live close to one another. What types of activities take place in their neighborhood? What people-made and natural features can they describe? Ask the students how they know when they leave their own neighborhood. Emphasize that all neighborhoods have common characteristics. All neighborhoods have people, streets and buildings. Also, all neighborhoods are different. No two places are exactly alike.

Pull down the Landscape Picture Map. Have the students locate an example of a neighborhood on the picture. How is the Landscape Picture neighborhood similar to their own neighborhood? How is it different?

After the students have identified a neighborhood and analyzed it, ask the students to draw a line around the area they would consider to be a neighborhood. Have the students share their ideas. Do the other students agree with their boundary line? Why or why not? Have the students explain why certain things are included in their neighborhood, why other things are excluded. (There are no correct or incorrect answers. The purpose is to stimulate students' thoughts about their environment.)


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Landscape Picture Map - Lesson 5

Simple Route Map


Objectives Given a feature, the students will locate that feature on the Landscape Picture Map.

Students will determine the best route between different locations on the Landscape Picture Map

 
Vocabulary On the Landscape Picture Map, students will find examples of the following terms: post office, library, shopping mall, grocery store, gas station, park.
 
Materials Needed Landscape Picture Map, map markers or post it notes.



Lesson

Pull down the Landscape Picture Map. Tell the students to imagine that they live in one of the houses shown in the suburban neighborhood. Let one student pick the home. Circle their home on the map. Tell the students that today they have a number of errands that must be done.

Have the students locate and circle the places where he/she would go to complete the tasks listed below. Then draw a line showing the best route between the home and the first location. Follow this procedure as the students complete the list of errands, moving from errand one to errand two to errand three, etc. Following is the suggested list of errands:

(1) Mail a letter
(2) Return a library book
(3) Buy a new pair of school shoes
(4) Purchase food for dinner
(5) Get gas for the car
(6) Play a baseball game
(7) Return home

Make sure the students complete the line connecting the two locations. Sometimes there will be more than one possible route. Let the students discuss the advantages or disadvantages of each route.


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Landscape Picture Map - Lesson 6

Types of Transportation


Objectives The students will identify different modes of transportation.

The students will describe the purpose of specialized vehicles.

 
Vocabulary transportation
 
Materials Needed Landscape Picture Map, map markers or post it notes.



Lesson

Ask the students to describe how they came to school today. Did they walk? Did they arrive in a car, van or school bus? Tell the students that today they will discuss how people and products move from one place to another. The movement of people and products from place to place is called transportation.

Pull down the Landscape Picture Map. Tell the students there are many different types of cars and trucks. Passenger cars are the most common. There are also some very special cars and trucks. Some of these help people do very special jobs. An example would be emergency vehicles. An emergency vehicle helps people when there is an accident or fire. Have the students circle the ambulance, police car and fire truck. Ask the students to describe each of these emergency vehicles and discuss its purpose.

Ask the students to identify other types of cars and trucks shown in the Landscape Picture. Each time they do, have the students describe the purpose of that car or truck and circle it on their desk maps. Emphasize to the students that each vehicle has a special purpose.

All of the special cars, trucks and the people who drive them must work together for a community to survive.

All of the vehicles mentioned so far travel from place to place using highways, roads and streets. Not all people or things move on streets. Have the students locate the train. Ask the students to describe what kinds of things are moved on a train. How do trains move from place to place?

Finally, tell the students that not all modes of transportation move from place to place on the ground. People also use water and air transportation. Have the students locate the examples of water and air transportation shown on the Landscape Picture. Have them describe the purpose of each.


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Landscape Picture Map - Lesson 7

The Changing Landscape


Objectives The students will learn that the landscape is constantly changing.

The students will understand that certain human activities are carried out in specific locations.

 
Materials Needed Landscape Picture Map, map markers or post it notes.



Lesson

Pull down the Landscape Picture Map. Have the students circle the building that is under construction in the middle of the city. Tell the students that today they will determine the purpose of this building.

List the following terms on the board:

     Gas station Restaurant
     Factory Hospital
     School Office building


Ask the students to examine the list above. Tell them to eliminate the least likely purpose of the building. Each time a purpose is eliminated have the students justify their decisions.

The building under construction is an office building. Ask the students to discuss how this new building will change the city. (Answers might include more traffic, parking problems, etc.)

Ask the students if there is any construction taking place in their area. What is the purpose of this construction? How will this impact other people?


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Landscape Picture Map - Lesson 8

Where People Work


Objectives Student will identify where people work and discuss what type of work they do.
 
Vocabulary Work, job
 
Materials Needed Landscape Picture Map, map markers or post it notes



Lesson

Pull down the Landscape Picture Map. Tell the students today they will find places in the Landscape Picture where people work. The type of work people do is called their job. Have the students locate different places in the Landscape Picture where people work. Circle the factory, the hospital, the office building, the airport, the farm, etc. Have the students describe the location of each feature. Use spatial terms like close to, next to, across from, as the students locate these features. Also, have the students describe what type of work may be taking place at each place identified.

Discuss how each job is alike (people are working to produce a product or a service, people are paid for their work, etc.). How is each job different?

Is each job important? Why? Would it be all right if everyone did the same job? Why not? Emphasize that all people must work together for the individual job to have a meaning. People depend on one another and the natural resources provided by the land and water.


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Landscape Picture Map - Lesson 9

Natural Features


Objectives The students will learn the meaning of the following terms: mountain, hill, island, lake, river, and forest

The students will identify a mountain, hill, island, lake, river and forest on the Landscape Picture

 
Vocabulary Landscape Picture Map, map markers, post it notes with the vocabulary words written on them.
 



Lesson

Pull down the Landscape Picture. Tell the students that today they will use the Landscape Picture to identify natural features.

Write the words natural feature on the board. A natural feature is something that is not made by people. (This is an important term to introduce. Natural features when shown on maps are called physical features.)

Tell the students natural features have names just like people made features. Today the students will identify six natural or physical features.

Use the Landscape Picture to provide a pictorial definition of the terms listed. After each term is identified have a student label the picture with the word.

Then have another student give a verbal description of the term. What other natural features might they identify?

The definitions for the terms listed in this lesson are:

Mountain- A mountain is a piece of land that rises high above the land around it.

Hill- A hill is a piece of land that rises above the land around it. A hill is not as high as a mountain.

Island- An island is a body of land with water all around it.

River- A large stream of water that flows through the land.

Lake- A body of water surrounded by land.

Forest- A growth of trees covering a large area.


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Landscape Picture Map - Lesson 10

Natural Features


Objectives The student will learn the meaning of the following terms, plain, valley, peninsula, bay, desert, and plateau.

The students will identify a plain, valley, peninsula, bay, desert and plateau on the Landscape Picture.

 
Vocabulary plain, valley, peninsula, bay, desert, plateau.
 
Materials Needed Landscape Picture, map marker, post it notes with the vocabulary words written on them



Lesson

Review with the students the meaning of the term natural feature. A natural feature is something not made by people. Tell the students that today they will learn the names of six natural features.

Pull down the Landscape Picture. Use the Landscape Picture to provide a pictorial definition of the terms listed. After each term is identified have a student label the picture. Write the term on the board. Have another student give a verbal description of the term. The formal definitions of the terms introduced in this lesson are as follows:

Plain- A plain is an almost level area of land.

Valley- A valley is a long, low place between hills or mountains.

Peninsula- A peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides.

Bay- A bay is a part of an ocean, sea or lake which reaches into the land.

Desert- A region with very little rainfall.

Plateau- A plateau is a flat piece of land with a high land elevation.


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Landscape Picture Map - Lesson 11

Natural Features as a Resource


Objectives The student will learn that people use land and water features to meet their basic needs.

The student will learn that people change land and water features to help meet their needs.

 
Vocabulary need, resource, change
 
Materials Needed Landscape Picture Map, map markers or post it notes



Lesson

Review with the students that natural features are placed in two groups: land features and water features. Tell the students that people use the land and water of the Earth as a resource. A resource is something people use to meet a need. Land and water are examples of natural resources.

Pull down the Landscape Picture Map. Have the students discuss how the land is used to meet the needs of people. (Examples would be land for farming or cities built on land.) Ask the students if the land has always been the same or have people changed it? Do they know of any place in their neighborhood where a change is taking place?

Now have the students locate water features on the Landscape Picture Map. Circle and identify each feature. Ask the students to describe how water is used to meet our needs (drinking water, washing clothes and dishes, bathing, etc.)

Do the students drink water directly from the river? How do we get water into our houses? Is water from the river hot? Do we eat food directly grown by a farmer or do we buy food at the grocery store?

Tell the students that many times the land and water resources must change before we can use them. People change the land and water resources to make them usable. What other resources can the students think of that must be changed before they can finally be used?

Conclude the lesson by explaining to the students that people must work with natural resources to meet their basic needs. We need to understand how people and land and water features can work together.


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Landscape Picture Map - Lesson 12

Pollution


Objectives Students will be introduced to the concept of pollution
 
Vocabulary natural resource, pollution
 
Materials Needed Landscape Picture Map, map markers or post it notes



Lesson

Write the word resource on the board. Review with the students the meaning of a resource. A resource is something people use to meet a need. The natural features of the Earth are land and water. Land and water are used as natural resources. Tell the students that one way we use natural resources is for recreation.

Pull down the Landscape Picture Map. Have the students locate the lake and the river. Ask the students to describe some of the ways they can have fun on lakes and rivers. (Examples might be swimming, boating and fishing.)

Ask the students if they would enjoy swimming more in a clean or dirty lake. How do lakes or rivers become dirty? List the student responses on the board.

After the discussion, tell the students that when people throw things into a lake or river they are causing pollution. Pollution is the act of making your surroundings unsafe or dirty. Write the word pollution on the board.

Ask the students: Who is responsible for keeping the lakes and rivers clean? Is it the police, fire department or each person?

Conclude the lesson by suggesting ways people may keep lakes and rivers clean and safe.


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Landscape Picture Map - Lesson 13

Locating Places - Making a Map Grid


Objectives The students will be introduced to a number and letter grid system.

The students will create a number and letter grid system on the Landscape Picture.

 
Vocabulary map grid system
 
Materials Needed Landscape Picture, map marker



Lesson

Pull down the Landscape Picture. Ask two students to describe the location of the airport. Tell the other students to listen carefully to the descriptions offered by the students. Ask them if the two descriptions were exactly the same. How were they different?

Tell the students that asking someone for directions may not always be helpful. That person may not know the location of the place you want to visit. There is a much better way to find a location. Mapmakers use a system to help you find different locations. This system is called a grid system.

Along the edges of the Landscape Picture is a series of letters and numbers. Across the top and bottom of the picture appear numbers from 1 to 7. Also at the top and bottom edges of the map are a series of "hash-mark". These small lines appear half way between the numbers at the top and bottom of the map. Have a student circle these lines that are half way between the numbers. Also, have another student draw a line connecting the hash marks at the top of the picture with those at the bottom.

Follow the same procedure for the letters at the left and right edges of the map. The letters progress from A-C. In between the letters is a hash mark. Have a student connect the hash marks on the left edge of the map, with the hash marks on the right edge of the map.

Tell the students they have created a map grid system. A map grid system is a series of lines that cross to form squares. The squares are identified with a letter and a number. For example the train appears in square C-1.

Tell the students that in the next lesson they will use the grid system to locate places.


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Landscape Picture Map - Lesson 14

Locating Places


Objectives Given the map grid system location, the students will report what feature is found at that location.

Given the feature, the students will record the map grid system coordinates.

 
Materials Needed Landscape Picture, map marker, post it notes



Lesson

Review with the students the meaning of the term map grid system. A map grid system is a series of lines that cross to form squares. We can use the map grid system to locate places on the Landscape Picture.

Review with the student that across the top and bottom of the Landscape Picture appears numbers. Between each number is a small line, called a hash mark. Draw a line from the hash mark between the numbers 1 and 2 at the top of the map and the corresponding hash mark at the bottom.

Review with the students that letters appear at the right and left edges of the Landscape Picture. Draw a line from the hash mark between the A and B at the left edge of the picture to intersect with the vertical line you had previously drawn. Ask the students to identify the features found in square A-1.

Have the students report what features would be found at the following squares.

B-4

B-6

C-7

C-1

A-7

A-3

The following features are shown in the Landscape Picture. Record the square in which each feature is located.

Water tower

factory

Fire station

desert

Parking garage

island


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