| Skills used | Latitude & Longitude |
| Forming logical conclusions | |
| Using scale to measure distance | |
| Vocabulary | migration, glaciers, strait |
| Materials Needed | Globe in Horizon Ring Mounting |
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In your study of American History you will learn about the great migration of early peoples from Asia to America.
Many scientists believe that these first Americans came by way of a land bridge between Siberia and Alaska.
This land bridge was formed at a time when much more of the earth's water was frozen into sea ice and glaciers, thus lowering the levels of the oceans.
The land bridge was in the area of the Bering Sea, so it was given the name of Beringia.
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On your globe, locate the Bering Strait at 66°N/168°W.
Use the globe's mounting ring or the scale printed on the globe ball to measure the distance across this strait at its narrowest point.
What is this distance? (1)__________________________________________________
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The average depth of all the oceans is about 11,000 feet deep.
In the Bering Strait the average water depth is about 600 feet (183 meters) or less.
Do you agree with the scientists that there could have been a land bridge between Asia and North America at one time?
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Globe Lesson 2
An Early American Culture
| Skills used | Latitude & Longitude |
| Using scale to measure distance | |
| Critical thinking | |
| Vocabulary | cultures, archaeologists, technology |
| Materials Needed | Globe in Horizon Ring Mounting |
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By the time Christopher Columbus came to the Americans in 1492, millions of people and hundreds of diverse cultures could be found throughout the Western Hemisphere.
In this activity you will learn something about one of those cultures that was called Hopewell.
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Place a small "X" on your globe at 39°N/84°W.
The location is in southeastern Ohio.
Around 300 A.D. the Hopewell culture was centered in this area.
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The Hopewells were excellent traders and maintained trade contacts over much of what is now the United States.
The Hopewells made some of their spear points and knives from a type of stone called obsidian.
Archaeologists have found evidence that much of this obsidian came from the Rocky Mountains.
Approximately how far is the Hopewell location from these mountains?
Use Denver, Colorado at 40°N/105°W as a Rocky Mountains location. (1)__________________________
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Listed below are two other materials that the Hopewells used and the distant locations with which they traded to obtain them.
Determine the distance these materials traveled to the Hopewell site.
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At the time of the Hopewells, Native Americans did not yet have horses, nor were they aware of the technology of the wheel.
What other methods of transportation were available to this culture for transporting trade items over such long distances?
(4) _____________________________ _______________________________________
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Globe Lesson 3
Old World and New World - Why Contact Took So Long
| Skills used | Latitude & Longitude |
| Using scale to measure distance | |
| Using directions | |
| Comparing routes | |
| Materials Needed | Globe in Horizon Ring Mounting |
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In a previous globe activity you learned about just a few of the hundreds of early cultures that existed in the Americas prior to the arrival of Columbus.
In the following activity you will see how geography played a part in delaying lasting contact between the old world and the new world until just over 500 years ago.
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On your globe, find the 60°N line of latitude.
Trace the line all the way around the globe.
In the following activity we will be drawing sea routes that lie south of this line.
Not many people lived north of 60°N before the time of Columbus, and for those who did, long distance travel over the sea was difficult and often impossible.
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Use your globe's mounting ring to draw and measure the shortest route between Europe and North America that is south of the 60°N line of latitude.
Draw the route on the globe.
What is this route and how far is it? (1.) _________________________________________________________________
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Next find the shortest routes between Africa and North America and between Africa and South America.
Draw them on your globe.
What are these routes and how long are they? (2.)_________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________
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Now look at the distances across the Pacific Ocean.
What is the shortest route between Asia and mainland North America and how long is it?
Remember to keep your route south of the 60° latitude line. (3.) _________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________
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What is the shortest route between any point in Asia and the continent of South America?
Start your measurement in Asia at the eastern tip of Papua New Guinea at 11°S/151°E. (4.) _________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________
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What is the shortest route between Australia and South America? (5.) _________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________
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Of all the routes measured above, which was the shortest? (6.) __________________________________
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In this region, and in regions farther north where the continents are even closer together, it is very likely that contacts between the old and new worlds frequently occurred before the time of Columbus.
However, this far northern area was remote, and its few inhabitants had little contact with the rest of the world.
As a result, very little of the geographical knowledge known to these people reached the large population and commercial centers to the south.
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The wide Atlantic and Pacific oceans and the real and imagined dangers associated with sailing across these uncharted oceans separated the civilizations of the old and new worlds for thousands of years.
This separation did not end until the lure of great wealth outweighed the risks and uncertainties of exploring these unknown waters.
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| Skills used | Latitude & Longitude |
| Using scale to measure distance | |
| Using direction | |
| Vocabulary | compass, navigation |
| Materials Needed | Globe in Horizon Ring Mounting |
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In your study of history you will learn about improvements that the compass brought to navigation during the period of exploration.
You will learn that the needle of the compass always aligns north and south.
But, is this always true?
You can use your globe to find out.
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On your globe circle the small "+" symbol that you will find near 78°N/105°W.
What does this symbol represent?
(1.) ___________________________________________________________________
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The magnetic north pole is the location at which the head of the compass needle actually points.
Approximately how far is the magnetic north pole from the geographic, or true, north pole?
(2.) _______________________________________________________________________
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If you had a magnetic compass in an airplane at 85°N/105°W, in what direction would the head of the needle point?
(3.) _________________________
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If you were in Nome, Alaska at 65°N/165°W, what direction would the head of your compass needle point?
(4.) _______________________________
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In which of the following cities would a magnetic compass needle most accurately point to the geographic north pole?
b. Los Angeles, California at 34°N/118°W.
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| Skills used | Latitude & Longitude |
| Using scale to measure distance | |
| Figuring travel time | |
| Vocabulary | expedition |
| Materials Needed | Globe in Horizon Ring Mounting |
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In this activity you will use your globe to learn of some of the hardships faced by one of the early explorers.
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On your globe, place the number "1" at the western end of the Strait of Magellan at 54°S/72°W.
Place the number "2" at 30°S/90°W; the number "3" at 10°S, 120°W; and the number "4" by the island of Guam at 14°N/143°E.
Use your globe's mounting ring as a straight edge and draw a line that connects points 1 through 4.
What is the combined length of this route? (1.) _____________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________
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This is the approximate route of Magellan's voyage across the Pacific in 1520 and 1521.
It took Magellan's three remaining ships three months and twenty days to travel this distance.
Before the ships reached Guam the sailors were reduced to eating rats (which sold for over a dollar apiece when they could be caught), ox hides, and sawdust.
Nineteen men died on just this one segment of the Magellan expedition.
Of the five ships that originally set out on the expedition, only one, the Victoria, completed the trip around the world and made it back to Spain.
Even the Victoria, on a later voyage, would sink near the middle of the Atlantic with no survivors.
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If the winds and currents had allowed Magellan to sail a great circle route from the Strait of Magellan to Guam, how far would he have had to sail?
(2.) _____________________________ Use the Jet Airliner Cruising speed shown on your globe's mounting ring to determine how long it would take a modern airliner to travel this distance. (3.) ______________________________
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| Skills used | Latitude & Longitude |
| Using scale to measure distance | |
| Using directions | |
| Tracing routes on maps | |
| Solving problems | |
| Materials Needed | Globe in Horizon Ring Mounting |
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The following is an example of a difficult ocean crossing that you can follow on your globe.
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To begin, draw a small circle around Plymouth, England at 50°N/3°W.
Remember that England is a part of the country that is now called the United Kingdom.
Just to the left of Plymouth, write the date 9/16/1621.
This is the date that the Pilgrims sailed from England, aboard the ship Mayflower, for the New World.
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Next, place an "X" in the Atlantic Ocean at 45°N/45°W.
Now, circle on your globe the city of Boston, Massachusetts.
Boston is located at 43°N/71°W. To the right of Boston, write the date 11/21/1621.
This is the date that Mayflower dropped anchored off Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
Cape Cod is about forty-five miles southeast of Boston.
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Use your globe's mounting ring as a straight edge and draw a line from Plymouth, England to your X in the Atlantic and then on to Boston.
What is the distance of this route?
(1.) ___________
_________________________________________
This, approximately, is the shortest direct sea route between Plymouth and the point where the Pilgrims landed on November 21, 1621.
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The voyage was not an easy one for the Pilgrims.
The Mayflower not only landed in the wrong location (it was supposed to land in Virginia), but it took 66 days to make the journey.
If it took 66 days for the voyage, how many miles a day did the Mayflower progress along the 3,100 mile sea route?
(2.)_____________________________________________
As a comparison with a modern day ship, in 1952 the ocean liner United States crossed the Atlantic Ocean on a voyage of similar length in 3 days, 10 hours, and 40 minutes.
The United States traveled about 900 miles per 24 hours.
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Even the speed of ships like the United States seems to be too slow for today's travelers.
Modern jet airliners have put all the big transoceanic (ocean crossing) passenger ships out of business.
Use the Jet Airliner cruising speed shown on the globe's mounting ring to determine how long it takes a modern jet aircraft to make the journey from Plymouth to Boston.
Don't forget that the aircraft can fly over land, so it can follow a great circle route.
(3.) _______________________________
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Look at your globe again and find the countries from where your ancestors migrated to North America.
Note the distances they had to travel. If they came to this continent over a century ago, it could have been a risky trip indeed.
Discuss with your classmates what kind of conditions these ancestors must have been experiencing to make them want to undertake such a journey.
Try to imagine what they may have been thinking at the very moment that they last saw the shores of their homelands in Europe, Africa, and Asia.
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Globe Lesson 7
The Slave Trade
| Skills used | Latitude & Longitude |
| Using scale to measure distance | |
| Using directions | |
| Tracing routes on maps | |
| Solving problems | |
| Vocabulary | immigrants. Triangular trade route |
| Materials Needed | Globe in Horizon Ring Mounting |
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Not everyone who came to the English colonies came by choice.
Africans were forcibly taken to the Americas from their African homelands during the slave trade.
Like all immigrants that came to America, Africans brought with them their culture and language.
The following globe activity shows how well the African culture has endured in a particular part of the United States.
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On your globe, find and circle the country of Sierra Leone in western Africa.
Sierra Leone's location is 8°N/12°W.
Next, place a small "X" on the east coast of Georgia at 31°N/81°W.
Your X should be on the coast about half way between Jacksonville, FL and the Georgia/South Carolina border.
Use the globe mounting ring as a straight edge to draw a line connecting these two locations.
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Near the Georgia location that you marked on your globe, are some coastal islands called the Barrier Islands.
In the 1700s African slaves were brought to these islands to work on large rice plantations.
People who are descendants of these slaves still live there today.
When the recording of a song that had been passed down in one of these families for generations was recently played in a remote village in Sierra Leone, the villagers recognized it and sang along with the recording.
They could not believe that the song had been recorded in the United States.
The song is thought to be over 2,000 years old, but it is still being sung in the United States today.
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Look again at the line that you drew between Sierra Leone and Georgia.
This line is close to the sea routes that many slave ships followed from Africa to the colonies.
This route made up one segment of the triangular trade route and was often referred to as the Middle Passage.
What is the distance of this route? (1.) __________________________________________________
If a ship averaged about 70 miles per day over the entire route of a Middle Passage, how long would it take to make such a voyage?
(2.) ______________________________
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Globe Lesson 8
Early Spanish Settlements
| Skills used | Latitude & Longitude |
| Using scale to measure distance | |
| Using directions | |
| Tracing routes on maps | |
| Solving problems | |
| Vocabulary | missions, haciendas |
| Materials Needed | Globe in Horizon Ring Mounting |
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While the English colonies were gaining a foothold on the east coast of North America, the Spanish were busy building missions and establishing large ranches called haciendas in the West.
By the time Jamestown was founded in 1607, Mexico City had been a thriving Spanish city for more than half a century, and Spanish missions were already established in what is now the state of New Mexico.
By the early 1800s the Spanish had settlements in the West that reached as far north as the present site of San Francisco, California.
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On your globe, find the cities of Mexico City, Mexico at 20°N/99°W and San Francisco at 37°N/122°W.
Use you globe's mounting ring to determine the great circle distance between Mexico City and San Francisco.
How far is it? (1.) _________________________
What direction is San Francisco from Mexico City? (2.) _____________________________
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One of the things that helped the Spanish govern settlements scattered over such long distances was an excellent road network called El Camino Real.
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Globe Lesson 9
The Revolutionary War
| Skills used | Latitude & Longitude |
| Using scale to measure distance | |
| Critical thinking | |
| Determining travel time | |
| Vocabulary | Continental, Patriots |
| Materials Needed | Globe in Horizon Ring Mounting |
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As a result of the Revolutionary War the American colonies won their independence from England.
Though a globe is a small scale map and therefore cannot show precise locations and details of specific battles, it can provide a better overall view of conflicts that were waged over large areas and involved many nations.
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On your globe, outline of the area that included the original 13 colonies.
Use a map from your social studies textbook if you need help in determining the correct area.
Include in this area the southern part of Canada in which the cities of Montreal and Quebec are found.
If you drew your outline correctly it should include the area where were most of the conflicts in the Revolutionary War took place.
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Next, circle England at 55°N/2°W.
Remember that England is now but one of the divisions of a modern country called the United Kingdom.
Find London, England and use the globe's mounting ring to measure the distance from London to New York City.
How far is it? (1.) __________________________________
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Why would the long distance between London and the colonies be a military advantage for the Continental Army and the Patriots fighting in America?
(2.) ________________
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If a British ship loaded with soldiers and supplies had been able to average 70 miles of progress a day along the great circle route from London to New York, how many days would it have taken the ship to reach its destination?
(3.) _______________. Such a voyage would have been considered fast for the time, but if you were a tired and weary British soldier surrounded by the enemy, it would not have been fast enough.
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Globe Lesson 10
A Revolutionary War Sea Battle
| Skills used | Using scale to measure distance |
| Materials Needed | Globe in Horizon Ring Mounting |
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Not all of the fighting in our country's Revolutionary War was done in America.
Though small, the colonies had a navy, and some of the naval conflicts of the war took place far from the shores of America.
One of the most famous sea battles of the Revolutionary War involved the United States ship Bonhomme Richard, commanded by Captain John Paul Jones, and the British warship Serapis.
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John Paul Jones was a Scot that sailed for the United States from a French port in a donated French ship that had been renamed to honor Benjamin Franklin.
His encounter with the Serapis took place in the North Sea where he had been raiding English ports and shipping.
Though the Bonhomme Richard was lost, the Americans won the battle and captured the Serapis.
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Find the North Sea on your globe at 55°N/3°E.
What is the large country just to the south and southeast of the North Sea?
(1.) ________________________ What large country joins Germany on the west?
(2.) _______________________ What large country joins France on the south?(3.) _____________________
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Germany, France, and Spain, were all allies of the colonists near the end of the war.
Look at the geographical relationship of these countries to England.
As you can see, in addition to having to support large armies and long supply lines for the battles in America, England had her hands full with conflicts in her own backyard.
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| Skills used | Latitude & Longitude |
| Using scale to measure distance | |
| Critical thinking | |
| Solving problems | |
| Materials Needed | Globe in Horizon Ring Mounting |
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On your globe, circle the following American cities.
Boston, Massachusetts at 43°N/71°W; New York City at 42°N/71°W; and Charleston, South Carolina at 33°N/80°W.
During the time of the Revolutionary War, these were some of the largest cities in the colonies.
What major common geographical characteristic do these cities have that contributed to their growth and importance?
(1.) ___________________________
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During the war years, because the British controlled the sea-lanes, most mail was transported along roads called post roads.
Post roads that had been improved and shortened during Benjamin Franklin's time as deputy postmaster general of America enabled a letter to travel from Charleston to Boston in about 18 days.
Use your globe to determine the straight-line distance between these two cities.
What is this distance? (2.) _______________________________________
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Add 150 miles to the above distance to allow for the fact that the post roads did not follow the most direct route.
What is the distance now? (3.) ______________________
If a letter took 18 days to travel this distance, what was the average distance traveled per day? (4.) _____________________________ What was the average speed of the letter in miles per hour? Use the formula Distance traveled divided by 24 hours to help find the answer. (5.) ______________________________
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Globe Lesson 12
Congressional Travel
| Skills used | Latitude & Longitude |
| Using scale to measure distance | |
| Determining travel time | |
| Vocabulary | constitution, legislative branch |
| Materials Needed | Globe in Horizon Ring Mounting |
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The constitution of the United States provides for the representation of each state in the legislative branch of the government.
Each year members of the House of Representatives and Senate make many trips back and fourth between their home states and the city of Washington, D. C. where the business of our nation is conducted.
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Find and circle Washington, D. C. on your globe.
Washington's location is 39°N/77°W.
The representatives and senators from which state have the longest travel distance to our capital city.
(1.) ___________________
What is this distance? (2.) ____________________
How long would a flight of this distance take in a jet airliner?
(3.) _____________________________
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How far do the representatives and senators from your state have to travel to get to Washington, D. C.?
(4.) ________________________________________________
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| Skills used | Latitude & Longitude |
| Using scale to measure distance | |
| Determining travel time | |
| Vocabulary | forty-niners |
| Materials Needed | Globe in Horizon Ring Mounting |
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For this activity, begin by circling the city of San Francisco on your globe.
San Francisco's location is 38°N/122°W.
Just over forty years after the Lewis and Clark expedition, gold was discovered at Sutter's Mill in California.
Sutter's Mill was located about 120 miles east of San Francisco.
As a result of this discovery, thousands of people from all over the world raced to join the gold rush to California.
So many people traveled to the state in 1849 that all the new people coming to the gold fields were soon collectively referred to as forty-niners.
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For the thousands of would-be prospectors living in the eastern portion of the United States, most had only two options for traveling to California.
They could travel to Missouri where they could then join wagon trains headed west by way of the Oregon Trail, or they could book passage on ships that departed from eastern ports and sailed south around the southern tip of South America and then north to San Francisco.
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Use your globe to compare the lengths of these two routes.
We will use New York City as the departure point for our would-be gold miner.
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For the overland option, use your globe's mounting ring to draw a route from New York City at 41°N/75°W, to a location in Missouri at 39°N/94°W (site of Independence), to a site in Idaho on the Snake River at 43°N/114°W, and then on to San Francisco.
Measure the length of each segment and add them together to get the total distance.
What was the distance of the overland route? (1.) ___________________________________________________
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For the sea option, use the globe's mounting ring to draw a route from New York to a point just off the easternmost tip of Brazil at 6°S/31°W, to South America's Cape Horn at 56°S/68°W, and then to San Francisco.
What is the distance of this route? (2.) ________________________
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Which method of travel from the east coast of the United States to California do you think would have been the fastest?
(3.) ___________________________
Most sea voyages from east coast ports to San Francisco took about five months, but some of the fast clipper ships did much better.
One clipper ship, the Flying Cloud, twice made the trip from New York to San Francisco in just under 90 days.
Use the distance you measured above to determine the average daily sailing distance of the Flying Cloud on these two voyages.
(4.) ____________________________
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Globe Lesson 14
The Underground Railroad
| Skills used | Latitude & Longitude |
| Using scale to measure distance | |
| Using directions | |
| Tracing routes on a map | |
| Vocabulary | Underground Railroad, abolitionist |
| Materials Needed | Globe in Horizon Ring Mounting |
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Before slavery was abolished in the United States a network of routes called the Underground Railroad was used by salves to escape to freedom.
Most of these routes ran north to free states such as Indiana, Ohio, and Pennsylvania and even to Canada.
Not all escape routes for slaves ran north, however.
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On your globe, circle the city of Nassau, Bahamas at 25°N/77°W.
The Bahamas are a group of islands near the southeast coast of Florida.
In the mid 1800s they were part of the British Empire and slavery was illegal there.
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Draw a line on your globe from Nassau to the Straits of Florida at 24°N/81°W.
From this location, continue your line to the westernmost part of Florida at 30°N/87°W.
This location is the site of Pensacola, Florida.
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In 1844 a Massachusetts abolitionist by the name of Jonathan Walker tried to smuggle seven slaves from Pensacola to the Bahamas.
In this case his attempt was unsuccessful.
Walker's boat was captured just off the southern tip of Florida and the slaves were returned to their owners.
Use you globe's mileage ring to determine how close the slaves came to gaining their freedom.
(1.) ________________________ Walker himself was imprisoned and branded with the letters "SS" which stood for "slave stealer".
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Other escape routes led south from Texas into Mexico, where slavery had been abolished, and some slaves even fled south into the swamps of south Florida where they were taken in by Seminole Indians who were still at war with the United States.
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Because of the Fugitive Slave Law or 1850, many routes of the Underground Railroad continued through the free states into Canada.
About how far would someone fleeing slavery have to travel if traveling from Memphis, Tennessee, at 35°N/90°W, to the nearest part of Canada, which is just across a river from Detroit, Michigan at 420N/830W?
(2.) ___________________
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Globe Lesson 15
Civil War Naval Strategy
| Skills used | Latitude & Longitude |
| Using scale to measure distance | |
| Critical thinking | |
| Vocabulary | Confederacy |
| Materials Needed | Globe in Horizon Ring Mounting |
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During the Civil War one of the strategies of the Union military leaders was the anaconda plan.
Under this plan the Union Navy would blockade all of the seaports of the Confederacy.
This plan, if successful, would prevent the Confederacy from getting supplies and material that it needed from Europe.
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On your globe, starting at the state of Delaware, abbreviated as "DEL" and located at 39°N/76°W, trace the coastline southward along the east coast of the United States to the southern tip of Florida.
From the tip of Florida, continue your line along the Gulf of Mexico until you reach the border between Texas and Mexico.
Use the mileage scale on the globe's mounting ring, or the scale that is printed on the globe ball itself, to determine a rough estimate of the distance that this naval blockade would have to cover.
(1.) __________________________________
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Assume that you are a Union naval commander and have been assigned the Gulf Coast part of the blockade.
You do not have enough ships to patrol the entire coast from the southern tip of Florida to Mexico.
Where would be the best locations to station your limited resources?
(2.) ______________________________________________________________ Why? (3.) __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
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| Skills used | Latitude & Longitude |
| Using scale to measure distance | |
| Critical thinking | |
| Vocabulary | cattle trails |
| Materials Needed | Globe in Horizon Ring Mounting |
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Place a small "X" on your globe at the southern tip of the state of Texas near 26°N/98°W.
Starting at that location draw a line in a northerly direction to southeastern Montana near 46°N/106°W.
What is the distance between the Texas location and the Montana location? (1.) _____________________________
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During the 1870's and 1880's teams made up of Mexican vaqueros and American cowboys herded millions of cattle along cattle trails from south Texas to northern railroads and markets.
The line that you drew on your globe is the approximate route of one of these trails that stretched from the Rio Grande River to Miles City, Montana.
Name two major rivers that this trail crossed. (2.) ____________________________________________________________
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Though the great circle distance that you measured between these locations was about 1600 miles, the actual cattle trail the cowboys followed was closer to 2,000 miles.
If it took a typical cattle drive about 165 days to make the trip along this route, what was the average distance covered each day?
(3.) __________________________________________
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Globe Lesson 17
Alaska and Hawaii
| Skills used | Latitude & Longitude |
| Using scale to measure distance | |
| Using directions | |
| Critical thinking | |
| Materials Needed | Globe in Horizon Ring Mounting |
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In 1867 the United States purchased Alaska from Russia for less than two cents an acre.
Find and circle Alaska on your globe.
It can be found at 65°N/150°W.
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Turn to a world map in your social studies textbook and find Alaska.
Use this map and its scale to measure the width of the state from its eastern boundary to its west coast at the point where it is closest to Russia.
How wide is Alaska at this point? (1.) _________________________
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Now, use your globe and the globe's mounting ring to measure Alaska's width at the same location.
What is the distance on the globe? (2.) ____________________________
Is the distance you measured across Alaska the same on the globe as it was on the textbook map?
(3.) ________ Which distance is the most accurate?(4.) __________________________________________
Why? (5.) ______________________________________________________________
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What is the name of the river that flows from east to west across Alaska?
(6.) _______________ In the central part of the state, just south of this river you will find a small dot near 63°N/150°W.
What does this dot stand for? (7.) ______________________________
This mountain peak, at 20,320 feet, is the highest elevation on the continent of North America.
What is the name of the mountain?
(8.) ___________________________________
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Find the Aleutian Islands.
The Aleutians are part of Alaska and they extend southwest and west from the southern end of the state.
Follow them westward until you come to a brown line.
This line is called the International Date Line.
Why do you think the line zigzags to the west near the western end of the Aleutian Islands?
(9.) ___________________________________________
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Next, circle the Hawaiian Islands at 25°N/165°W.
Are the Hawaiian Islands closer to California or to Alaska? (10.) __________________________
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Place a small "X" on Honolulu, Hawaii.
How far is Honolulu from the equator? (11.) _____________________ Compare that distance with Miami, Florida's distance from the equator. What kind of climate do you think Honolulu might have? (12.) __________________________________
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To enjoy the warm breezy climate and the beautiful beaches and landscapes, millions of tourists travel to Hawaii for vacations each year.
Suppose that you could visit Hawaii on your next vacation.
Use your globe mounting ring to draw a route from your hometown, or a place near it, to Honolulu.
How far would it be and how long would it take you to fly there?
Make a list of some states you might fly over on such a trip.
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Globe Lesson 18
Charles Lindbergh's Flight to Paris
| Skills used | Latitude & Longitude |
| Using scale to measure distance | |
| Critical thinking | |
| Solving problems | |
| Using directions | |
| Vocabulary | aviation |
| Materials Needed | Globe in Horizon Ring Mounting, World Map |
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If your classroom has a large wall map of the world, pull it down and locate the cities of New York in the United States and Paris, France in Europe.
New York is located at 41°N/74°W, and Paris is located at 49°N/2°E.
If you do not have a wall map, use the world map found in your social studies textbook or any other flat map of the world.
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In May 1927 Charles Lindbergh made the first solo non-stop flight from New York to Paris.
This was a very dangerous flight to undertake in 1927.
Aviation was new and airplane engines were not very dependable at that time.
Also, the aircraft themselves were slow and could not fly long distances without refueling.
As a result, it was critical that Lindbergh fly as close to the shortest route as possible between New York and Paris to enable him to successfully complete the trip.
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On a flat map of the world, draw, or try to visualize, the shortest route between New York and Paris.
Would this route on the flat map take you over any major islands in the Atlantic Ocean?
(1.) ________ Yet, when Lindbergh made his trip, he flew over the island of Newfoundland in Canada. Newfoundland is located at 48°N/57°W. On the flat map, this would appear to be out of his way if he wanted to fly the shortest route. Why do you think he flew a route that took him over Newfoundland? (2.) __________________________
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Your globe can help explain this mystery.
Use the globe's mounting ring to draw a great circle route between New York and Paris.
Did the route take you over Newfoundland?
(3.) ________ As you can see, a straight line on a flat map is not always the shortest distance between two locations.
Do some research on great circle routes if you need additional clarification.
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How long is the great circle distance between New York and Paris? (4.) _________________
If it took Lindbergh approximately 33.5 hours to make his trip, what was his average speed during his journey?
(5.) _____________________________
How long would it take a modern jet airliner to fly this route? (6.) _____________________
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What compass direction would an airplane be headed at the beginning of this flight? (7.) ____________ What direction would the plane be headed near the end of the flight? (8.) _____________
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| Skills used | Latitude & Longitude |
| Using scale to measure distance | |
| Critical thinking | |
| Using directions | |
| Materials Needed | Globe in Horizon Ring Mounting |
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On December 7, 1941 the country of Japan launched a surprise bombing attack on the US Naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
As a result of this attack, the United States officially entered World War II.
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On your globe, find and circle the Kuril Islands.
These islands once belonged to the nation of Japan and they are located at 45°N/150°E.
In late November of 1941, a Japanese naval force that included six aircraft carriers left the Kuril Islands for the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, which is located on the Hawaiian island of Oahu.
The Island of Oahu is located at 22°N/158°W.
Circle Oahu on your globe.
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Place a small "X" in the Pacific Ocean at 26°N/157°W.
This is the approximate site from which the Japanese carriers launched their attack aircraft.
How far had the Japanese force traveled from their bases in the Kuril Islands to the launch site?
(1.) __________________________
How far from Pearl Harbor, and in what direction, were the aircraft carriers when they launched their aircraft?
(2.) ______________________________________
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Study the location of the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean.
Why do you think the Americans might have felt so safe from surprise attacks in this location?
(3.) ________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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Answers for Applying Globe Skills Lessons Gr. 4-5
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Lesson 1 - Ancient Americans
Lesson 2 - An Early American Culture
Lesson 3 - Old World and New World - Why Contact Took So Long
Lesson 4 - The Compass
Lesson 5 - Magellan
Lesson 6 - The Pilgrims
Lesson 7 - The Slave Trade
Lesson 8 - Early Spanish Settlements
Lesson 9 - The Revolutionary War
Lesson 10 - A Revolutionary War Sea Battle
Lesson 11 - Post Roads
Lesson 12 - Congressional Travel
Lesson 13 - The Gold Rush
Lesson 14 - The Underground Railroad
Lesson 15 - Civil War Naval Strategy
Lesson 16 - Cattle Trails
Lesson 17 - Alaska and Hawaii
Lesson 18 - Charles Lindbergh's Flight to Paris
Lesson 19 - Pearl Harbor
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